Hi nabilabolo,
You are not setting the Id for Model. So the MaterialLists is null in your code. I have set data-id attribute and set the value in hiddenfield to set the model value.
Refer below sample.
Database
CREATE TABLE MaterialLists
(
	Id INT IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
	Material VARCHAR(100),
	Mat_Quantity INT
)
INSERT INTO MaterialLists VALUES ('Material 1',10)
INSERT INTO MaterialLists VALUES ('Material 2',5)
INSERT INTO MaterialLists VALUES ('Material 3',7)
SELECT * FROM MaterialLists
Model
public class ItemModel
{
    public string Material { get; set; }
    public Nullable<int> Mat_Quantity { get; set; }
    public int ID { get; set; }
}
Controller
public class HomeController : Controller
{
    // GET: /Home/
    public ActionResult Index()
    {
        MaterialEntities db = new MaterialEntities();
        var material = db.MaterialLists.ToList();
        TempData["updateMaterial"] = material;
        return View(new ItemModel());
    }
    [HttpPost]
    public ActionResult UpdateQuantity(ItemModel q)
    {
        MaterialEntities db = new MaterialEntities();
        if (q != null)
        {
            var updateqty = db.MaterialLists.Where(a => a.Id == q.ID).FirstOrDefault();
            if (updateqty != null)
            {
                updateqty.Mat_Quantity = q.Mat_Quantity;
                db.SaveChanges();
            }
        }
        return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
    }
}
View
<%@ Page Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<_783469_Insert_Model_Database.Models.ItemModel>" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
    <title>Index</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.2/css/bootstrap.min.css" />
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            $('#myModal2').on('show.bs.modal', function (e) {
                var button = $(e.relatedTarget) // Button that triggered the modal
                var Material = button.data('status') // Extract info from data-* attributes
                var Id = button.data('id') // Extract info from data-* attributes
                $(e.currentTarget).find('.modal-title').text('Update Quantity For :' + Material);
                $(e.currentTarget).find("input[name='Material']").val(Material);
                $(e.currentTarget).find("input[name='Id']").val(Id);
            });
        });
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="table" id="table_id">
        <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover table-sm display" id="dataTable"
            cellspacing="0">
            <thead class="thead-dark">
                <tr>
                    <th class="text-center">Material</th>
                    <th class="text-center">Quantity</th>
                    <th class="text-center"></th>
                </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
                <% if (TempData["updateMaterial"] != null)
                   {
                       foreach (var item in (IEnumerable<_783469_Insert_Model_Database.MaterialList>)TempData["updateMaterial"])
                       {%>
                <tr>
                    <td class="">
                        <%=item.Material%>
                    </td>
                    <td class="text-center">
                        <%=item.Mat_Quantity%>
                    </td>
                    <td class="text-center">
                        <a href="" class="btn btn-warning" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#myModal2" data-status="<%=item.Material%>"
                            data-id="<%=item.Id%>" id="<%=item.Id%>">Update</a>
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <%  }
                   }%>
            </tbody>
        </table>
    </div>
    <!--Modal quantity-->
    <div class="modal fade" id="myModal2" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel"
        aria-hidden="true">
        <div class="modal-dialog">
            <div class="modal-content">
                <%using (Html.BeginForm("UpdateQuantity", "Home", FormMethod.Post, new { @class = "form-horizontal", role = "form", enctype = "multipart/form-data" }))
                  { %>
                <div class="modal-header">
                    <h5 class="modal-title custom_align">
                        New message</h5>
                    <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">
                        <span aria-hidden="true">×</span>
                    </button>
                </div>
                <div class="modal-body">
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <input type="hidden" id="hfMaterialId" name="Id" value="" />
                        <input class="form-control " id="Material" name="Material" type="text" value="" />
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <input class="form-control " id="Mat_Quantity" name="Mat_Quantity" type="text" value="" />
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="modal-footer">
                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">
                        Close</button>
                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">
                        Save</button>
                </div>
                <%} %>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>
Screenshot
