Deny the insertion if the limit reach

Here I have Created Sample Using Variable Table  Name as of Yours,

In this sample I'm using EmplyeeId Variable that takes EmployeeID,

And Checks weather Employee has been reached his Leave or not (i.e. Vacation Leave = 5 or Sick leave = 5)

I hope this will help you out.

SQL

DECLARE @TBLLeave AS TABLE(Id INT IDENTITY(1,1),EmployeeId INT,Date DATETIME,Year INT,LeaveID INT,NoofDays INT,Status INT)

INSERT INTO @TBLLeave(EmployeeId,Date,Year,LeaveID,NoofDays,Status) VALUES(101,GETDATE(),DATEPART(YEAR,GETDATE()),1,1,10)
INSERT INTO @TBLLeave(EmployeeId,Date,Year,LeaveID,NoofDays,Status) VALUES(102,GETDATE(),DATEPART(YEAR,GETDATE()),2,5,11)
INSERT INTO @TBLLeave(EmployeeId,Date,Year,LeaveID,NoofDays,Status) VALUES(103,GETDATE(),DATEPART(YEAR,GETDATE()),1,6,12)
INSERT INTO @TBLLeave(EmployeeId,Date,Year,LeaveID,NoofDays,Status) VALUES(101,GETDATE(),DATEPART(YEAR,GETDATE()),2,2,13)
INSERT INTO @TBLLeave(EmployeeId,Date,Year,LeaveID,NoofDays,Status) VALUES(101,GETDATE(),DATEPART(YEAR,GETDATE()),2,4,13)

DECLARE @RefLeaveType AS TABLE(LeaveId INT IDENTITY(1,1),LeaveType char(15))

INSERT INTO @RefLeaveType(LeaveType) VALUES('SICK LEAVE')
INSERT INTO @RefLeaveType(LeaveType) VALUES('VACATION LEAVE')

DECLARE @RefLeaveStatus AS TABLE(LeaveStatusID INT IDENTITY(10,1),StatusName CHAR(10))

INSERT INTO @RefLeaveStatus(StatusName) VALUES('Approved')
INSERT INTO @RefLeaveStatus(StatusName) VALUES('Rejected')

DECLARE @TBLLeaveEarned AS TABLE(EarnedID INT IDENTITY(1,1),EmployeeId INT,Sick INT,Vacation INT)

--=======Check Vacation Or Sick Leave Before Insert Start Here========---

DECLARE @EmployeeID INT
SET @EmployeeID = 101

INSERT INTO @TBLLeaveEarned(EmployeeId,Sick,Vacation)
            SELECT EmployeeId
		  ,(SELECT NoofDays WHERE t1.LeaveId = 1 AND EmployeeId = t1.EmployeeId)
          ,(SELECT NoofDays WHERE t1.LeaveId = 2 AND EmployeeId = t1.EmployeeId) 
FROM @TBLLeave t1

DECLARE @SickCOUNT INT      --Variable hold the SickCount
DECLARE @VacationCount INT  --Variable hold the VacationCount

SELECT @SickCOUNT = SUM (Sick)
      ,@VacationCount = SUM(Vacation) 
FROM @TBLLeaveEarned T 
WHERE EmployeeId = @EmployeeId 
GROUP BY T.EmployeeID 

 IF (@SickCOUNT < 5 AND @VacationCount < 5)
 BEGIN
  --Write Here Script to insert Data in Table
 select 'INSERTED'
 END
 ELSE
 BEGIN
 select 'NOT'
 END