Use custom validation.
Refer below sample.
Custom Validation Class
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
public class AtLeastOnePropertyAttribute: ValidationAttribute
{
    public override bool IsValid(object value)
    {
        var typeInfo = value.GetType();
        var propertyInfo = typeInfo.GetProperties();
        foreach (var property in propertyInfo)
        {
            if (null != property.GetValue(value, null))
            {
                return true;
            }
        }
            
        return false;
    }
}
Model
[AtLeastOneProperty(ErrorMessage = "You must enter at least one Phone Number.")]
public class PersonModel
{
    public string Ph1 { get; set; }
    public string Ph2 { get; set; }
    public string Ph3 { get; set; }
}
Controller
public class HomeController : Controller
{
    public IActionResult Index()
    {
        return View();
    }
    [HttpPost]
    public IActionResult Index(PersonModel person)
    {
        if (ModelState.IsValid)
        {
                
        }
        return View();
    }
}
View 
@model RadioButton_Validation_MVC_Core.Models.PersonModel
@addTagHelper*, Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.TagHelpers
@{
    Layout = null;
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
    <title>Index</title>
    <style type="text/css">
        body { font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; }
        .error { color: red; }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <form method="post" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Index">
        <table>
            <tr>
                <td>Phone 1: <input type="text" asp-for="Ph1" /></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Phone 2: <input type="text" asp-for="Ph3" /></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Phone 3: <input type="text" asp-for="Ph2" /></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td><div asp-validation-summary="ModelOnly" class="error"></div></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td><input type="submit" value="Submit" /></td>
            </tr>
        </table>
    </form>
</body>
</html>
Screenshot
