In this article I will explain with an example, how to perform step by step CRUD operation in GridView i.e. Insert, Edit, Update and Delete in ASP.Net using C# and VB.Net.
 
 

Database

I have made use of the following table Customers with the schema as follows.
Step by Step Tutorial for performing Insert Edit Update and Delete in GridView in ASP.Net
 
I have already inserted few records in the table.
Step by Step Tutorial for performing Insert Edit Update and Delete in GridView in ASP.Net
 
Note: You can download the database table SQL by clicking the download link below.
         Download SQL file
 
 

HTML Markup

The HTML Markup consists of following controls:
GridView – For displaying data.

Columns

The GridView consists of two TemplateField columns and a CommandField column.
TemplateField – The TemplateField columns consists of ItemTemplate and EditItemTemplate.
ItemTemplate – The ItemTemplate consists of a Label.
EditItemTemplate – The EditItemTemplate consists of a TextBox.
 
The GridView has been applied with the following properties:
DataKeyNames – For permitting to set the names of the Column Fields, that we want to use in code but do not want to display it. Example Primary Keys, ID fields, etc.
Note: For more details on DataKeys,please refer my article DataKeyNames in GridView example in ASP.Net.
 
PageSize – For permitting maximum number of rows to be displayed per page.
AllowPaging – For enabling paging in the GridView control.
EmptyDataText – For displaying text when there is no data in the GridView.
CommandField – For showing edit and delete LinkButton.
 

Events

The GridView has been assigned with the following event handlers i.e. OnRowDataBound, OnRowEditing, OnRowCancelingEdit, OnRowUpdating, OnPageIndexChanging and OnRowDeleting.
 
TextBox – For capturing records to be added.
Button – For adding records.
The Button has been assigned with an OnClick event handler.
<asp:GridView ID="gvCustomers" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="false" OnRowDataBound="OnRowDataBound"
    DataKeyNames="CustomerId" OnRowEditing="OnRowEditing" OnRowCancelingEdit="OnRowCancelingEdit"
    PageSize="3" AllowPaging="true" OnPageIndexChanging="OnPaging" OnRowUpdating="OnRowUpdating"
    OnRowDeleting="OnRowDeleting" EmptyDataText="No records has been added.">
    <Columns>
        <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Name" ItemStyle-Width="150">
            <ItemTemplate>
                <asp:Label ID="lblName" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("Name") %> '></asp:Label> 
            </ItemTemplate>
            <EditItemTemplate>
                <asp:TextBox ID="txtName" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("Name")%> ' Width="140"></asp:TextBox> 
            </EditItemTemplate>
        </asp:TemplateField>
        <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Country" ItemStyle-Width="150">
            <ItemTemplate>
                <asp:Label ID="lblCountry" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("Country") %> '></asp:Label> 
            </ItemTemplate>
            <EditItemTemplate>
                <asp:TextBox ID="txtCountry" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("Country" ) %> ' Width="140"></asp:TextBox> 
            </EditItemTemplate>
        </asp:TemplateField>
        <asp:CommandField ButtonType="Link" ShowEditButton="true" ShowDeleteButton="true"
            ItemStyle-Width="150" />
    </Columns>
</asp:GridView>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse">
    <tr>
        <td style="width: 150px">Name:<br />
            <asp:TextBox ID="txtName" runat="server" Width="140" />
        </td>
        <td style="width:150px">Country:<br />
            <asp:TextBox ID="txtCountry" runat="server" Width="140" />
        </td>
        <td style="width:150px">
            <asp:Button ID="btnAdd" runat="server" Text="Add" OnClick="Insert" />
        </td>
    </tr>
</table>
 
 

Namespaces

You will need to import the following namespaces.
C#
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Configuration;
 
VB.Net
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Configuration
 
 

Binding the GridView with records from SQL Server Database Table

Inside the Page_Load event handler, the BindGrid method is called where the records are fetched from the Customers table of SQL Server database.
Finally, the GridView is populated.
C#
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    if (!this.IsPostBack)
    {
        this.BindGrid();
    }
}
 
private void BindGrid()
{
    string sql = "SELECT CustomerId, Name, Country FROM Customers";
    string constr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["constr"].ConnectionString;
    using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(constr))
    {
        using (SqlDataAdapter sda = new SqlDataAdapter(sql, con))
        {
            using (DataTable dt = new DataTable())
            {
                sda.Fill(dt);
                gvCustomers.DataSource = dt;
                gvCustomers.DataBind();
            }
        }
    }
}
 
VB.Net
Protected Sub Page_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles Me.Load
    If Not Me.IsPostBack Then
        Me.BindGrid()
    End If
End Sub
 
Private Sub BindGrid()
    Dim sql As String = "SELECT CustomerId, Name, Country FROM Customers"
    Dim constr As String = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings("constr").ConnectionString
    Using con As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection(constr)
        Using sda As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter(sql, con)
            Using dt As DataTable = New DataTable()
                sda.Fill(dt)
                gvCustomers.DataSource = dt
                gvCustomers.DataBind()
            End Using
        End Using
    End Using
End Sub
 
 

Insert

When the Add Button is clicked, the name and country values are fetched from their respective TextBoxes and inserted into SQL Server database.
Finally, the GridView is populated using the BindGrid method which in-turn refreshes the GridView with updated records.
C#
protected void Insert(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    string name = txtName.Text;
    string country = txtCountry.Text;
    txtName.Text = string.Empty;
    txtCountry.Text = string.Empty;
    string sql = "INSERT INTO Customers VALUES(@Name, @Country)";
    string constr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["constr"].ConnectionString;
    using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(constr))
    {
        using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, con))
        {
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Name", name);
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Country", country);
            con.Open();
            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
            con.Close();
        }
    }
    this.BindGrid();
}
 
VB.Net
Protected Sub Insert(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
    Dim name As String = txtName.Text
    Dim country As String = txtCountry.Text
    Dim sql As String = "INSERT INTO Customers VALUES(@Name, @Country)"
    Dim constr As String = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings("constr").ConnectionString
    txtName.Text = String.Empty
    txtCountry.Text = String.Empty
    Using con As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection(constr)
        Using cmd As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand(sql, con)
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Name", name)
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Country", country)
            con.Open()
            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
            con.Close()
        End Using
    End Using
    Me.BindGrid()
End Sub
 
 

Edit

When the Edit Button is clicked, the GridView’s OnRowEditing event handler is triggered, where the EditIndex of the GridView is updated with the Row Index of the GridView Row to be edited.
C#
protected void OnRowEditing(object sender, GridViewEditEventArgs e)
{
    gvCustomers.EditIndex = e.NewEditIndex;
    this.BindGrid();
}
 
VB.Net
Protected Sub OnRowEditing(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As GridViewEditEventArgs)
    gvCustomers.EditIndex = e.NewEditIndex
    Me.BindGrid()
End Sub
 
 

Update

When the Update Button is clicked, the GridView’s OnRowUpdating event handler is triggered.
Inside the OnRowUpdating event handler, the CustomerId (primary key) is fetched from the DataKey property of GridView while the Name and Country fields are fetched from their respective TextBoxes and the record is updated into the SQL Server database.
Note: For more details on DataKeys, please refer my article DataKeyNames in GridView example in ASP.Net.
 
Finally, the GridView is populated using the BindGrid method which in-turn refreshes the GridView with updated records.
C#
protected void OnRowUpdating(object sender, GridViewUpdateEventArgs e)
{
    GridViewRow row = gvCustomers.Rows[e.RowIndex];
    int customerId = Convert.ToInt32(gvCustomers.DataKeys[e.RowIndex].Values[0]);
    string name = (row.FindControl("txtName") as TextBox).Text;
    string country = (row.FindControl("txtCountry") as TextBox).Text;
    string sql = "UPDATE Customers SET Name=@Name, Country=@Country WHERE CustomerId=@CustomerId";
    string constr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["constr"].ConnectionString;
    using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(constr))
    {
        using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, con))
        {
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@CustomerId", customerId);
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Name", name);
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Country", country);
            con.Open();
            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
            con.Close();
        }
    }
    gvCustomers.EditIndex = -1;
    this.BindGrid();
}
 
VB.Net
Protected Sub OnRowUpdating(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As GridViewUpdateEventArgs)
    Dim row As GridViewRow = gvCustomers.Rows(e.RowIndex)
    Dim customerId As Integer = Convert.ToInt32(gvCustomers.DataKeys(e.RowIndex).Values(0))
    Dim name As String = (TryCast(row.FindControl("txtName"),TextBox)).Text
    Dim country As String = (TryCast(row.FindControl("txtCountry"),TextBox)).Text
    Dim sql As String = "UPDATE Customers SET Name=@Name, Country=@Country WHERE CustomerId=@CustomerId"
    Dim constr As String = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings("constr").ConnectionString
    Using con As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection(constr)
        Using cmd As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand(sql, con)
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@CustomerId", customerId)
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Name", name)
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Country", country)
            con.Open()
            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
            con.Close()
        End Using
    End Using
    gvCustomers.EditIndex = -1
    Me.BindGrid()
End Sub
 
 

Cancel Edit

When the Cancel Button is clicked, the GridView’s OnRowCancelingEdit event handler is triggered and the EditIndex is set to -1 and the GridView is populated with data using the BindGrid method.
C#
protected void OnRowCancelingEdit(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    gvCustomers.EditIndex = -1;
    this.BindGrid();
}
 
VB.Net
Protected Sub OnRowCancelingEdit(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
    gvCustomers.EditIndex = -1
    Me.BindGrid()
End Sub
 
 

Delete

When the Delete Button is clicked, the GridView’s OnRowDeleting event handler is triggered.
Inside the OnRowDeleting event handler, the CustomerId (primary key) is fetched from the DataKey property of GridView and the record is deleted from the SQL Server database.
Finally, the GridView is populated using the BindGrid method which in-turn refreshes the GridView with updated records.
C#
protected void OnRowDeleting(object sender, GridViewDeleteEventArgs e)
{
    int customerId = Convert.ToInt32(gvCustomers.DataKeys[e.RowIndex].Values[0]);
    string sql = "DELETE FROM Customers WHERE CustomerId=@CustomerId";
    string constr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["constr"].ConnectionString;
    using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(constr))
    {
        using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, con))
        {
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@CustomerId", customerId);
            con.Open();
            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
            con.Close();
        }
    }
 
    this.BindGrid();
}
 
VB.Net
Protected Sub OnRowDeleting(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As GridViewDeleteEventArgs)
    Dim customerId As Integer = Convert.ToInt32(gvCustomers.DataKeys(e.RowIndex).Values(0))
    Dim sql As String = "DELETE FROM Customers WHERE CustomerId=@CustomerId"
    Dim constr As String = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings("constr").ConnectionString
    Using con As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection(constr)
        Using cmd As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand(sql, con)
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@CustomerId", customerId)
            con.Open()
            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
            con.Close()
        End Using
    End Using
    Me.BindGrid()
End Sub
 
 

Delete Confirmation Message

The delete operation will be confirmed using JavaScript Confirmation Box, thus inside the OnRowDataBound event handler, the Delete LinkButton is assigned with a JavaScript onclick event handler.
C#
protected void OnRowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
{
    if  (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow && e.Row.RowIndex != gvCustomers.EditIndex)
    {
         (e.Row.Cells[2].Controls[2] as LinkButton).Attributes["onclick"] = "return confirm('Do you want to delete this row?');";
    }
}
 
VB.Net
Protected Sub OnRowDataBound(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As GridViewRowEventArgs)
    If e.Row.RowType = DataControlRowType.DataRow AndAlso e.Row.RowIndex <> gvCustomers.EditIndex Then
        CType(e.Row.Cells(2).Controls(2), LinkButton).Attributes("onclick") = "return confirm('Do you want to delete this row?');"
    End If
End Sub
 
 

Paging

Inside the OnPageIndexChanging event handler, the PageIndex property of the GridView is updated with the new Page Number which was clicked.
Finally, the GridView is populated using the BindGrid method which in-turn displays the new GridView page.
C#
protected void OnPaging(object sender, GridViewPageEventArgs e)
{
    gvCustomers.PageIndex = e.NewPageIndex;
    this.BindGrid();
}
 
VB.Net
Protected Sub OnPaging(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As GridViewPageEventArgs)
    gvCustomers.PageIndex = e.NewPageIndex
    Me.BindGrid()
End Sub
 
 

Screenshot

Step by Step Tutorial for performing Insert Edit Update and Delete in GridView in ASP.Net
 
 

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