In this article I will explain with an example, how to perform select, insert, edit, update, delete in GridView using a single Stored Procedure in ASP.Net using C# and VB.Net.
This process is also known as CRUD i.e. Create, Read, Update and Delete in GridView using Stored Procedure with SQL Server database in ASP.Net.
 
 

Database

I have made use of the following table Customers with the schema as follows.
GridView CRUD: Select Insert Edit Update Delete using Single Stored Procedure in ASP.Net
 
I have already inserted few records in the table.
GridView CRUD: Select Insert Edit Update Delete using Single Stored Procedure in ASP.Net
 
Note: You can download the database table SQL by clicking the download link below.
          Download SQL file
 
 

HTML Markup

The HTML Markup consists of following controls:
GridView – For displaying data.

Columns

The GridView consists of two TemplateField columns and a CommandField column.
TemplateField – The TemplateField column consists of ItemTemplate and EditItemTemplate.
ItemTemplate – The ItemTemplate contains a Label.
EditItemTemplate – The EditItemTemplate contains a TextBox.
 
The GridView has been assigned with following properties:
DataKeyNames – For permitting to set the names of the Column Fields, that we want to use in code but do not want to display it. Example Primary Keys, ID fields, etc.
Note: For more details on DataKeys, please refer my article DataKeyNames in GridView example in ASP.Net.
 
EmptyDataText – For displaying text when there is no data in the GridView.
 
The GridView has been assigned with the following event handlers i.e. OnRowDataBound, OnRowEditing, OnRowCancelingEdit, OnRowUpdating and OnRowDeleting.
 
TextBox – For capturing records to be added.
Button – For adding records.
The Button has been assigned with an OnClick event handler.
<asp:GridView ID="gvCustomers" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="false" DataKeyNames="CustomerId"
    OnRowDataBound="OnRowDataBound" OnRowEditing="OnRowEditing" OnRowCancelingEdit="OnRowCancelingEdit"
    OnRowUpdating="OnRowUpdating" OnRowDeleting="OnRowDeleting" EmptyDataText="No records has been added.">
    <Columns>
        <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Name" ItemStyle-Width="150">
            <ItemTemplate>
                <asp:Label ID="lblName" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("Name") %>'></asp:Label>
            </ItemTemplate>
            <EditItemTemplate>
                <asp:TextBox ID="txtName" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("Name") %>'></asp:TextBox>
            </EditItemTemplate>
        </asp:TemplateField>
        <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Country" ItemStyle-Width="150">
            <ItemTemplate>
                <asp:Label ID="lblCountry" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("Country") %>'></asp:Label>
            </ItemTemplate>
            <EditItemTemplate>
                <asp:TextBox ID="txtCountry" runat="server"Text='<%# Eval("Country") %>'></asp:TextBox>
            </EditItemTemplate>
        </asp:TemplateField>
        <asp:CommandField ButtonType="Link" ShowEditButton="true" ShowDeleteButton="true" ItemStyle-Width="150" />
    </Columns>
</asp:GridView>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse">
    <tr>
        <td style="width: 150px">Name:<br />
            <asp:TextBox ID="txtName" runat="server" Width="140" />
        </td>
        <td style="width: 150px">Country:<br />
            <asp:TextBox ID="txtCountry" runat="server" Width="140" />
        </td>
        <td style="width: 100px">
            <asp:Button runat="server" ID="btnAdd" Text="Add" OnClick="Insert" />
        </td>
    </tr>
</table>
 
 

Stored Procedure for Select, Insert, Update and Delete

The following Stored Procedure will be used to perform Select, Insert, Update and Delete operations on the SQL Server database table.
CREATE PROCEDURE [Customers_CRUD]
      @Action VARCHAR(20)
     ,@CustomerId INT = NULL
     ,@Name VARCHAR(100) = NULL
     ,@Country VARCHAR(50) = NULL
AS
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON;
 
    --SELECT
    IF @Action = 'SELECT'
       BEGIN
            SELECT [CustomerId]
                  ,[Name]
                  ,[Country]
            FROM [Customers]
       END
 
    --INSERT
    IF @Action = 'INSERT'
       BEGIN
            INSERT INTO [Customers]
                       ([Name]
                       ,[Country])
            VALUES (@Name 
                   ,@Country)
       END
 
    --UPDATE
    IF @Action = 'UPDATE'
       BEGIN
            UPDATE [Customers]
            SET [Name] = @Name
               ,[Country] = @Country
            WHERE [CustomerId] = @CustomerId
       END
 
    --DELETE
    IF @Action = 'DELETE'
       BEGIN
            DELETE FROM [Customers]
            WHERE [CustomerId] = @CustomerId
       END
END
 
 

Namespaces

You will need to import the following namespaces.
C#
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Configuration;
 
VB.Net
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Configuration
 
 

Binding the GridView with records from SQL Server Database Table

Inside the Page_Load event handler, the BindGrid method is called where the value of Action is added as parameter to SqlCommand object.
Then, the records are fetches from the SQL Server database using Stored Procedure and the GridView is populated.
C#
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    if (!this.IsPostBack)
    {
        this.BindGrid();
    }
}
 
private void BindGrid()
{
    string spName = "Customers_CRUD";
    string constr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["constr"].ConnectionString;
    using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(constr))
    {
        using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(spName, con))
        {
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Action", "SELECT");
            using (SqlDataAdapter sda = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd))
            {
                cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
                using (DataTable dt = new DataTable())
                {
                    sda.Fill(dt);
                    gvCustomers.DataSource = dt;
                    gvCustomers.DataBind();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
 
VB.Net
Protected Sub Page_Load(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Me.Load
    If Not Me.IsPostBack Then
        Me.BindGrid()
    End If
End Sub
 
Private Sub BindGrid()
    Dim spName As String = "Customers_CRUD"
    Dim constr As String = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings("constr").ConnectionString
    Using con As New SqlConnection(constr)
        Using cmd As New SqlCommand(spName, con)
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Action", "SELECT")
            Using sda As New SqlDataAdapter(cmd)
                cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
                Using dt As New DataTable()
                    sda.Fill(dt)
                    gvCustomers.DataSource = dt
                    gvCustomers.DataBind()
                End Using
            End Using
        End Using
    End Using
End Sub
 
 

Insert

When the Add button is clicked, the name and the country values are fetched from their respective TextBoxes and are inserted into the SQL Server database using Stored Procedure with Action parameter value as “INSERT”.
Finally, the GridView is populated using the BindGrid method which in-turn refreshes the GridView with updated records.
C#
protected void Insert(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    string spName = "Customers_CRUD";
    string name = txtName.Text;
    string country = txtCountry.Text;
    txtName.Text = string.Empty;
    txtCountry.Text = string.Empty;
    string constr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["constr"].ConnectionString;
    using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(constr))
    {
        using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(spName, con))
        {
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Action", "INSERT");
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Name", name);
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Country", country);
            con.Open();
            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
            con.Close();
        }
    }
    this.BindGrid();
}
 
VB.Net
Protected Sub Insert(sender As Object, e As EventArgs)
    Dim spName As String = "Customers_CRUD"
    Dim name As String = txtName.Text
    Dim country As String = txtCountry.Text
    txtName.Text = String.Empty
    txtCountry.Text = String.Empty
    Dim constr As String = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings("constr").ConnectionString
    Using con As New SqlConnection(constr)
        Using cmd As New SqlCommand(spName, con)
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Action", "INSERT")
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Name", name)
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Country", country)
            con.Open()
            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
            con.Close()
        End Using
    End Using
    Me.BindGrid()
End Sub
 
 

Edit

When the Edit button is clicked, the GridView’s OnRowEditing event handler is triggered. Here simply the EditIndex of the GridView is updated with the Row Index of the GridView Row to be edited.
C#
protected void OnRowEditing(object sender, GridViewEditEventArgs e)
{
    gvCustomers.EditIndex = e.NewEditIndex;
    this.BindGrid();
}
 
VB.Net
Protected Sub OnRowEditing(sender As Object, e As GridViewEditEventArgs)
    gvCustomers.EditIndex = e.NewEditIndex
    Me.BindGrid()
End Sub
 
 

Update

When the Update button is clicked, the GridView’s OnRowUpdating event handler is triggered.
Inside the OnRowUpdating event handler, the CustomerId (primary key) is fetched from the DataKey property of GridView while the Name and Country fields are fetched from their respective TextBoxes and are passed to the Stored Procedure with Action parameter value as “UPDATE” and the record is updated in the database.
Finally, the GridView is populated using the BindGrid method which in-turn refreshes the GridView with updated records.
C#
protected void OnRowUpdating(object sender, GridViewUpdateEventArgs e)
{
    string spName = "Customers_CRUD";
    GridViewRow row = gvCustomers.Rows[e.RowIndex];
    int customerId = Convert.ToInt32(gvCustomers.DataKeys[e.RowIndex].Values[0]);
    string name = (row.FindControl("txtName") as TextBox).Text;
    string country = (row.FindControl("txtCountry") as TextBox).Text;
    string constr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["constr"].ConnectionString;
    using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(constr))
    {
        using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(spName, con))
        {
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Action", "UPDATE");
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@CustomerId", customerId);
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Name", name);
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Country", country);
            con.Open();
            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
            con.Close();
        }
    }
    gvCustomers.EditIndex = -1;
    this.BindGrid();
}
 
VB.Net
Protected Sub OnRowUpdating(sender As Object, e As GridViewUpdateEventArgs)
    Dim spName As String = "Customers_CRUD"
    Dim row As GridViewRow = gvCustomers.Rows(e.RowIndex)
    Dim customerId As Integer = Convert.ToInt32(gvCustomers.DataKeys(e.RowIndex).Values(0))
    Dim name As String = TryCast(row.FindControl("txtName"), TextBox).Text
    Dim country As String = TryCast(row.FindControl("txtCountry"), TextBox).Text
    Dim constr As String = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings("constr").ConnectionString
    Using con As New SqlConnection(constr)
        Using cmd As New SqlCommand(spName, con)
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Action", "UPDATE")
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@CustomerId", customerId)
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Name", name)
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Country", country)
            con.Open()
            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
            con.Close()
        End Using
    End Using
    gvCustomers.EditIndex = -1
    Me.BindGrid()
End Sub
 
 

Cancel Edit

When the Cancel button is clicked, the GridView’s OnRowCancelingEdit event handler is triggered. Here the EditIndex is set to -1 and the GridView is populated with data.
C#
protected void OnRowCancelingEdit(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    gvCustomers.EditIndex = -1;
    this.BindGrid();
}
 
VB.Net
Protected Sub OnRowCancelingEdit(sender As Object, e As EventArgs)
    gvCustomers.EditIndex = -1
    Me.BindGrid()
End Sub
 
 

Delete

When the Delete button is clicked, the GridView’s OnRowDeleting event handler is triggered.
Inside the OnRowDeleting event handler, the CustomerId (primary key) is fetched from the DataKey property of GridView and is passed to the Stored Procedure along with the Action parameter value as “DELETE”.
Finally, the GridView is populated using the BindGrid method which in-turn refreshes the GridView with updated records.
C#
protected void OnRowDeleting(object sender, GridViewDeleteEventArgs e)
{
    string spName = "Customers_CRUD";
    int customerId = Convert.ToInt32(gvCustomers.DataKeys[e.RowIndex].Values[0]);
    string constr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["constr"].ConnectionString;
    using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(constr))
    {
        using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(spName, con))
        {
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Action", "DELETE");
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@CustomerId", customerId);
            con.Open();
            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
            con.Close();
        }
    }
    this.BindGrid();
}
 
VB.Net
Protected Sub OnRowDeleting(sender As Object, e As GridViewDeleteEventArgs)
    Dim spName As String = "Customers_CRUD"
    Dim customerId As Integer = Convert.ToInt32(gvCustomers.DataKeys(e.RowIndex).Values(0))
    Dim constr As String = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings("constr").ConnectionString
    Using con As New SqlConnection(constr)
        Using cmd As New SqlCommand(spName, con)
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Action", "DELETE")
            cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@CustomerId", customerId)
            con.Open()
            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
            con.Close()
        End Using
    End Using
    Me.BindGrid()
End Sub
 
 

Delete Confirmation Message

The delete operation will be confirmed using JavaScript Confirmation Box, thus inside the OnRowDataBound event handler, the Delete LinkButton is assigned with a JavaScript onclick event handler.
C#
protected void OnRowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
{
    if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow && e.Row.RowIndex != gvCustomers.EditIndex)
    {
        (e.Row.Cells[2].Controls[2] as LinkButton).Attributes["onclick"] = "return confirm('Do you want to delete this row?');";
    }
}
 
VB.Net
Protected Sub OnRowDataBound(sender As Object, e As GridViewRowEventArgs)
    If e.Row.RowType = DataControlRowType.DataRow AndAlso e.Row.RowIndex <> gvCustomers.EditIndex Then
        TryCast(e.Row.Cells(2).Controls(2), LinkButton).Attributes("onclick") = "return confirm('Do you want to delete this row?');"
    End If
End Sub
 
 

Screenshot

GridView CRUD: Select Insert Edit Update Delete using Single Stored Procedure in ASP.Net
 
 

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