Cascading DropDownList means a series of dependent DropDownLists where one DropDownList is dependent on the parent or previous DropDownList and is populated based on the item selected by the user. On many occasions we need to make use of Cascading DropDownLists as I have here
Continent - Country - City
City is dependent on Country and in turn Country is dependent on the Continent thus we need a series of Cascading DropDownList here.
Database Design
For this tutorial I have created three tables whose designs are given below
Continents Table
![Continents Table Design]()
Countries Table
![Countries Table Design]()
Cities Table
![Cities Table Design]()
Connection String
<connectionStrings>
<add name="conString" connectionString="Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;
database=CascadingDDL;Integrated Security=true"/>
</connectionStrings>
Front End Design
I have used 3 DropDownLists one for each entity the mapping is shown below
1. ddlContinents - List of Continents
2. ddlCountry- List of Countries
3. ddlCity - List of Cities
<span style ="font-family:Arial">Select Continent : </span>
<asp:DropDownList ID="ddlContinents" runat="server" AutoPostBack = "true"
OnSelectedIndexChanged="ddlContinents_SelectedIndexChanged">
<asp:ListItem Text = "--Select Continent--" Value = ""></asp:ListItem>
</asp:DropDownList>
<br /><br />
<span style ="font-family:Arial">Select Country : </span>
<asp:DropDownList ID="ddlCountry" runat="server" AutoPostBack = "true"
Enabled = "false" OnSelectedIndexChanged="ddlCountry_SelectedIndexChanged">
<asp:ListItem Text = "--Select Country--" Value = ""></asp:ListItem>
</asp:DropDownList>
<br /><br />
<span style ="font-family:Arial">Select City : </span>
<asp:DropDownList ID="ddlCity" runat="server" AutoPostBack = "true"
Enabled = "false" OnSelectedIndexChanged="ddlCity_SelectedIndexChanged">
<asp:ListItem Text = "--Select City--" Value = ""></asp:ListItem>
</asp:DropDownList>
<br /><br />
<asp:Label ID="lblResults" runat="server" Text="" Font-Names = "Arial" />
I have added OnSelectedIndexChanged Event to all DropDownLists and also AutoPostBack set property to true.
The User Interface looks as below
![ScreenShot displaying 3 dropdownlists dependent on each other]()
Populating the Continents DropDownList
On the Page_Load Event of the Page I am populating the Continents DropDownList
C#
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (!IsPostBack)
{
ddlContinents.AppendDataBoundItems = true;
String strConnString = ConfigurationManager
.ConnectionStrings["conString"].ConnectionString;
String strQuery = "select ID, ContinentName from Continents";
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(strConnString);
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
cmd.CommandText = strQuery;
cmd.Connection = con;
try
{
con.Open();
ddlContinents.DataSource = cmd.ExecuteReader();
ddlContinents.DataTextField = "ContinentName";
ddlContinents.DataValueField = "ID";
ddlContinents.DataBind();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
finally
{
con.Close();
con.Dispose();
}
}
}
VB.Net
Protected Sub Page_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles Me.Load
If Not IsPostBack Then
ddlContinents.AppendDataBoundItems = True
Dim strConnString As [String] = ConfigurationManager _
.ConnectionStrings("conString").ConnectionString
Dim strQuery As [String] = "select ID, ContinentName from Continents"
Dim con As New SqlConnection(strConnString)
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand()
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text
cmd.CommandText = strQuery
cmd.Connection = con
Try
con.Open()
ddlContinents.DataSource = cmd.ExecuteReader()
ddlContinents.DataTextField = "ContinentName"
ddlContinents.DataValueField = "ID"
ddlContinents.DataBind()
Catch ex As Exception
Throw ex
Finally
con.Close()
con.Dispose()
End Try
End If
End Sub
Populating the Country DropDownList
Next on the SelectedIndexChanged Event of the parent Continent DropDownList I am populating the Countries DropDownList based on the ID of the Continent Selected by the user
C#
protected void ddlContinents_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
ddlCountry.Items.Clear();
ddlCountry.Items.Add(new ListItem("--Select Country--", ""));
ddlCity.Items.Clear();
ddlCity.Items.Add(new ListItem("--Select City--", ""));
ddlCountry.AppendDataBoundItems = true;
String strConnString = ConfigurationManager
.ConnectionStrings["conString"].ConnectionString;
String strQuery = "select ID, CountryName from Countries " +
"where ContinentID=@ContinentID";
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(strConnString);
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@ContinentID",
ddlContinents.SelectedItem.Value);
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
cmd.CommandText = strQuery;
cmd.Connection = con;
try
{
con.Open();
ddlCountry.DataSource = cmd.ExecuteReader();
ddlCountry.DataTextField = "CountryName";
ddlCountry.DataValueField = "ID";
ddlCountry.DataBind();
if (ddlCountry.Items.Count > 1)
{
ddlCountry.Enabled = true;
}
else
{
ddlCountry.Enabled = false;
ddlCity.Enabled = false;
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
finally
{
con.Close();
con.Dispose();
}
}
VB.Net
Protected Sub ddlContinents_SelectedIndexChanged(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
ddlCountry.Items.Clear()
ddlCountry.Items.Add(New ListItem("--Select Country--", ""))
ddlCity.Items.Clear()
ddlCity.Items.Add(New ListItem("--Select City--", ""))
ddlCountry.AppendDataBoundItems = True
Dim strConnString As [String] = ConfigurationManager _
.ConnectionStrings("conString").ConnectionString
Dim strQuery As [String] = "select ID, CountryName from Countries " _
& "where ContinentID=@ContinentID"
Dim con As New SqlConnection(strConnString)
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand()
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@ContinentID", _
ddlContinents.SelectedItem.Value)
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text
cmd.CommandText = strQuery
cmd.Connection = con
Try
con.Open()
ddlCountry.DataSource = cmd.ExecuteReader()
ddlCountry.DataTextField = "CountryName"
ddlCountry.DataValueField = "ID"
ddlCountry.DataBind()
If ddlCountry.Items.Count > 1 Then
ddlCountry.Enabled = True
Else
ddlCountry.Enabled = False
ddlCity.Enabled = False
End If
Catch ex As Exception
Throw ex
Finally
con.Close()
con.Dispose()
End Try
End Sub
You will notice I am passing the ID of the continent as parameter to the Query using SelectedItemValue property of the DropDownList thus the query returns the records (Countries) for that Continent ID which are then bind to the Country DropDownList
Populating the City DropDownList
Now on the selection of the Country I am filling the Cities for that country into the City DropDownList.
C#
protected void ddlCountry_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
ddlCity.Items.Clear();
ddlCity.Items.Add(new ListItem("--Select City--", ""));
ddlCity.AppendDataBoundItems = true;
String strConnString = ConfigurationManager
.ConnectionStrings["conString"].ConnectionString;
String strQuery = "select ID, CityName from Cities " +
"where CountryID=@CountryID";
SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(strConnString);
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@CountryID",
ddlCountry.SelectedItem.Value);
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
cmd.CommandText = strQuery;
cmd.Connection = con;
try
{
con.Open();
ddlCity.DataSource = cmd.ExecuteReader();
ddlCity.DataTextField = "CityName";
ddlCity.DataValueField = "ID";
ddlCity.DataBind();
if (ddlCity.Items.Count > 1)
{
ddlCity.Enabled = true;
}
else
{
ddlCity.Enabled = false;
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
finally
{
con.Close();
con.Dispose();
}
}
VB.Net
Protected Sub ddlCountry_SelectedIndexChanged(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
ddlCity.Items.Clear()
ddlCity.Items.Add(New ListItem("--Select City--", ""))
ddlCity.AppendDataBoundItems = True
Dim strConnString As [String] = ConfigurationManager _
.ConnectionStrings("conString").ConnectionString
Dim strQuery As [String] = "select ID, CityName from Cities " _
& "where CountryID=@CountryID"
Dim con As New SqlConnection(strConnString)
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand()
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@CountryID", _
ddlCountry.SelectedItem.Value)
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text
cmd.CommandText = strQuery
cmd.Connection = con
Try
con.Open()
ddlCity.DataSource = cmd.ExecuteReader()
ddlCity.DataTextField = "CityName"
ddlCity.DataValueField = "ID"
ddlCity.DataBind()
If ddlCity.Items.Count > 1 Then
ddlCity.Enabled = True
Else
ddlCity.Enabled = False
End If
Catch ex As Exception
Throw ex
Finally
con.Close()
con.Dispose()
End Try
End Sub
Above I am firing a query on the Cities Table and getting all the cities that belong to that country which was selected by the user.
Displaying the Results
Finally on the SelectedIndexChanged event of the City DropDownList I am displaying the complete selections done by the user.
C#
protected void ddlCity_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
lblResults.Text = "You Selected " +
ddlContinents.SelectedItem.Text + " -----> " +
ddlCountry.SelectedItem.Text + " -----> " +
ddlCity.SelectedItem.Text;
}
VB.Net
Protected Sub ddlCity_SelectedIndexChanged(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)
lblResults.Text = "You Selected " & _
ddlContinents.SelectedItem.Text & " -----> " & _
ddlCountry.SelectedItem.Text & " -----> " & _
ddlCity.SelectedItem.Text
End Sub
The output is shown in the screenshot below
![ScreenShot Displaying the working of Cascading DropDownLists]()
Thus we come to the end of this article. Download the sample source code in VB.Net and C# using the link below
Download Code (130.31 kb)
